Patella Instability
What patients may experience
A dislocation can cause sudden pain, swelling and visible displacement of the kneecap. After it returns to position, the knee may remain sore, swollen or uncertain. Recurrent instability can feel like slipping, shifting or giving way.
Examination, imaging and the history of each instability episode help shape rehabilitation or surgical planning.
Stability & confidence
Recurrent kneecap instability deserves a complete review.
On this page
02 / What to know
Why instability occurs
The cause is often a combination of injury to the stabilising soft tissues and anatomical factors such as the shape of the groove, kneecap height, limb alignment or rotation. Cartilage or bone can also be injured during a dislocation.
03 / What to know
A whole-limb assessment
Dr Fraser will discuss the injury history and examine kneecap tracking, alignment, stability and movement of the whole limb. X-rays and, when appropriate, MRI or CT imaging can help assess anatomy and associated damage.
Rehabilitation
Physiotherapy is a critical part of care. Treatment may include restoring motion, managing swelling and improving strength and movement control around the hip and knee. Bracing may be considered for selected patients.
05 / Treatment options
When surgery may be considered
Surgery may be discussed after recurrent dislocations, when a first dislocation causes repairable cartilage or bone injury, or when anatomical risk factors make further instability more likely.
The operation is matched to the cause rather than using one procedure for every patient. Dr Fraser will explain the proposed correction, alternatives, risks and rehabilitation.
After an acute dislocation
Do not attempt to force a visibly dislocated kneecap back into place yourself. Seek urgent medical care if the knee remains deformed, pain is severe, circulation or sensation is affected, or you cannot safely bear weight.
Discuss your symptoms and treatment options.
Examination, imaging and the history of each instability episode help shape rehabilitation or surgical planning.
Patella Instability FAQs
What does patella instability feel like?
The kneecap may feel as though it shifts, slips or gives way. A dislocation can cause sudden pain and swelling, and repeated episodes may affect confidence during sport or everyday activity.
Is physiotherapy important?
Yes. Rehabilitation is a central part of treatment and may address strength, movement control and a safe return to activity. The program should be tailored to the factors contributing to instability.
When might surgery be discussed?
Surgery may be considered for recurrent instability, certain first-time injuries with associated damage, or anatomical factors that make further dislocation more likely. Assessment of the whole lower limb guides the decision.
What should I bring to my appointment?
Please bring your referral, Medicare details, relevant X-rays or scans, a current medication list and any useful reports from previous treatment or surgery. Contact the practice before your visit if you are unsure what is required.
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